{"id":5728,"date":"2021-09-18T11:03:25","date_gmt":"2021-09-18T11:03:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/induspharma.in\/?p=5728"},"modified":"2022-09-01T02:38:24","modified_gmt":"2022-08-31T21:08:24","slug":"tranexamic-acid","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/induspharma.in\/productslist\/tranexamic-acid\/","title":{"rendered":"Tranexamic Acid"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\"tranexamic\"<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tTranexamic 500 mg\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\"\"<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tTranexamic 250 mg\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n

 <\/p>\n

Zed-50mg\/100mg Injection
\nTranexamic Acid BP 50mg\/ml
\nTranexamic Acid BP 100mg\/ml<\/p>\n

\n

COMPOSITION <\/strong>
\nEach ml contains:
\nTranexamic acid BP 50mg\/100mg
\nWater For Injection BP q.s.<\/p>\n

\n

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY<\/strong>
\nPharmacodynamic properties<\/strong>
\nPharmacotherapeutic group: Antihemorrhagics, Antifibrinolytics, Aminoacids
\nATC Code: B02AA02<\/p>\n

\n

Tranexamic acid exerts an anti haemorrhagic activity by inhibiting the fibrinolytic properties of plasmin.
\nA complex involving tranexamic acid, plasminogen is constituted; the tranexamic acid being linked to plasminogen when transformed into plasmin.
\nThe activity of the tranexamic acid-plasmin complex on the activity on fibrin is lower than the activity of free plasmin alone.
\nIn vitro studies showed that high tranexamic dosages decreased the activity of complement.
\nPaediatric population<\/strong>
\nIn children over one year old: Literature review identified 12 efficacy studies in paediatric cardiac surgery which have included 1073 children, 631 having received tranexamic acid. Most of them were controlled versus placebo. Studied population was heterogenic in terms of age, surgery types, dosing schedules. Study results with tranexamic acid suggest reduced blood loss and reduced blood product requirements in paediatric cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass when there is a high risk of haemorrhage, especially in cyanotic patients or patients undergoing repeat surgery. The most adapted dosing schedule appeared to be:
\n– first bolus of 10 mg\/kg after induction of anaesthesia and prior to skin incision,
\n– continuous infusion of 10 mg\/kg\/h or injection into the CPB pump prime at a dose adapted on the CPB procedure, either according to patient weight with a 10 mg\/kg dose, either according to CPB pump prime volume,
\n– last injection of 10 mg\/kg at the end of CPB.
\nWhile studied in very few patients, the limited data suggest that continuous infusion is preferable, since it would maintain therapeutic plasma concentration throughout surgery.
\nNo specific dose-effect study or PK study has been conducted in children.<\/p>\n

Pharmacokinetic properties<\/strong>
\nAbsorption<\/strong>
\nPeak plasma concentrations of tranexamic acid are obtained rapidly after a short intravenous infusion after which plasma concentrations decline in a multi-exponential manner.
\nDistribution
\nThe plasma protein binding of tranexamic acid is about 3% at therapeutic plasma levels and seems to be fully accounted for by its binding to plasminogen. Tranexamic acid does not bind to serum albumin. The initial volume of distribution is about 9 to 12 liters.
\nTranexamic acid passes through the placenta. Following administration of an intravenous injection of 10 mg\/kg to 12 pregnant women, the concentration of tranexamic acid in serum ranged 10-53 μg\/mL while that in cord blood ranged 4-31 μg\/mL. Tranexamic acid diffuses rapidly into joint fluid and the synovial membrane. Following administration of an intravenous injection of 10 mg\/kg to 17 patients undergoing knee surgery, concentrations in the joint fluids were similar to those seen in corresponding serum samples. The concentration of tranexamic acid in a number of other tissues is a fraction of that observed in the blood (breast milk, one hundredth; cerebrospinal fluid, one tenth; aqueous humor, one tenth). Tranexamic acid has been detected in semen where it inhibits fibrinolytic activity but does not influence sperm migration.
\nElimination<\/strong>
\nIt is excreted mainly in the urineas unchanged drug. Urinary excretion via glomerular filtration is the main route of elimination. Renal clearance is equal to plasma clearance (110 to 116 mL\/min). Excretion of tranexamic acid is about 90% within the first 24 hours after intravenous administration of 10 mg\/kg body weight. Half-life of tranexamic acid is approximately 3 hours.
\nSpecial populations<\/strong>
\nPlasma concentrations increase in patients with renal failure.
\nNo specific PK study has been conducted in children.<\/p>\n

INDICATION AND USAGE<\/strong>
\nPrevention and treatment of haemorrhages due to general or local fibrinolysis in adults and children from one year.
\nSpecific indications include:
\n• Haemorrhage caused by general or local fibrinolysis such as:
\n• Menorrhagia and metrorrhagia,
\n• Gastrointestinal bleeding,
\n• Haemorrhagic urinary disorders, further to prostate surgery or surgical procedures affecting the urinary tract,
\n• Ear Nose Throat surgery (adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy, dental extractions),
\n• Gynaecological surgery or disorders of obstetric origin,
\n• Thoracic and abdominal surgery and other major surgical intervention such as cardiovascular surgery,
\n• Management of haemorrhage due to the administration of a fibrinolytic agent.<\/p>\n

CONTRA-INDICATION
\n• Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients listed.
\n• Acute venous or arterial thrombosis.
\n• Fibrinolytic conditions following consumption coagulopathy except in those with predominant activation of the fibrinolytic system with acute severe bleeding.
\n• Severe renal impairment (risk of accumulation);
\n• History of convulsions;
\n• Intrathecal and intraventricular injection, intracerebral application (risk of cerebral oedema and convulsions).<\/p>\n

DRUG INTERACTIONS<\/strong>
\nNo interaction studies have been performed. Simultaneous treatment with anticoagulants must take place under the strict supervision of a physician experienced in this field. Medicinal products that act on haemostasis should be given with caution to patients treated with tranexamic acid. There is a theoretical risk of increased thrombus-formation potential, such as with oestrogens. Alternatively, the antifibrinolytic action of the drug may be antagonised with thrombolytic drugs.<\/p>\n

WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS<\/strong>
\nThe indications and method of administration indicated above should be followed strictly:
\n• Intravenous injections should be given very slowly
\n• Tranexamic acid should not be administered by the intramuscular route.<\/p>\n

Convulsions<\/strong>
\nCases of convulsions have been reported in association with tranexamic acid treatment. In coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, most of these cases were reported following intravenous (i.v.) injection of tranexamic acid in high doses. With the use of the recommended lower doses of Tranexamic Acid , the incidence of post-operative seizures was the same as that in untreated patients.
\nVisual disturbances
\nAttention should be paid to possible visual disturbances including visual impairment, vision blurred, impaired colour vision and if necessary the treatment should be discontinued. With continuous long-term use of Tranexamic Acid solution for injection, regular ophthalmologic examinations (eye examinations including visual acuity, colour vision, fundus, visual field etc.) are indicated. With pathological ophthalmic changes, particularly with diseases of the retina, the physician must decide after consulting a specialist on the necessity for the long-term use of Tranexamic Acid solution for injection in each individual case.
\nHaematuria<\/strong>
\nIn case of haematuria from the upper urinary tract, there is a risk for urethral obstruction.
\nThromboembolic events
\nBefore use of Tranexamic Acid, risk factors of thromboembolic disease should be considered. In patients with a history of thromboembolic diseases or in those with increased incidence of thromboembolic events in their family history (patients with a high risk of thrombophilia), Tranexamic acid solution for injection should only be administered if there is a strong medical indication after consulting a physician experienced in hemostaseology and under strict medical supervision.
\nTranexamic acid should be administered with care in patients receiving oral contraceptives because of the increased risk of thrombosis.
\nDisseminated intravascular coagulation<\/strong>
\nPatients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) should in most cases not be treated with tranexamic acid. If tranexamic acid is given it must be restricted to those in whom there is predominant activation of the fibrinolytic system with acute severe bleeding. Characteristically, the haematological profile approximates to the following: reduced euglobulin clot lysis time; prolonged prothrombin time; reduced plasma levels of fibrinogen, factors V and VIII, plasminogen fibrinolysin and alpha-2 macroglobulin; normal plasma levels of P and P complex; i.e. factors II (prothrombin), VIII and X; increased plasma levels of fibrinogen degradation products; a normal platelet count. The foregoing presumes that the underlying disease state does not of itself modify the various elements in this profile. In such acute cases a single dose of 1g tranexamic acid is frequently sufficient to control bleeding.. Administration of Tranexamic acid in DIC should be considered only when appropriate haematological laboratory facilities and expertise are available.<\/p>\n

\n

SIDE EFFECTS<\/strong>
\nThe ADRs reported from clinical studies and post-marketing experience are listed below according to system organ class.
\nTabulated list of adverse reactions
\nAdverse reactions reported are presented in table below. Adverse reactions are listed according to MedDRA primary system organ class. Within each system organ class, adverse reactions are ranked by frequency. Within each frequency grouping, adverse reactions are presented in the order of decreasing seriousness. Frequencies were defined as follows: Common (≥1\/100 to <1\/10); uncommon (≥1\/1,000 to <1\/100), not known (can not be estimated from the available data).
\nMedDRA
\nSystem Organ Class
\nFrequency
\nUndesirable Effects
\nSkin and subcutaneous tissues disorders
\nUncommon
\n– Dermatitis allergic
\nGastrointestinal disorders
\nCommon
\n– Diarrhoea
\n– Vomiting
\n– Nausea
\nNervous system disorders
\nNot known
\n– Dizziness, convulsions particularly in case of misuse
\nEye disorders
\nNot known
\n– Visual disturbances including impaired colour vision
\nVascular disorders<\/p>\n

Not known
\n– Malaise with hypotension, with or without loss of consciousness (generally following a too fast intravenous injection, exceptionally after oral administration)
\n– Arterial or venous thrombosis at any sites
\nImmune system disorders
\nNot known
\n– Hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis<\/p>\n

OVERDOSE<\/strong>
\nNo cases of overdose have been reported.<\/p>\n

DOSAGE & MODE OF ADMINISTRATION<\/strong>
\nPosology<\/strong>
\nAdults
\nUnless otherwise prescribed, the following doses are recommended:
\n1. Standard treatment of local fibrinolysis:
\n0.5 g (1 ampoule of 5 ml) to 1 g (1 ampoule of 10 ml or 2 ampoules of 5 ml) tranexamic acid by slow intravenous injection (= 1 ml\/minute) two to three times daily
\n2. Standard treatment of general fibrinolysis:
\n1 g (1 ampoule of 10 ml or 2 ampoules of 5 ml) tranexamic acid by slow intravenous injection (= 1 ml\/minute) every 6 to 8 hours, equivalent to 15 mg\/kg BW.<\/p>\n

Renal impairment<\/strong>
\nIn renal insufficiency leading to a risk of accumulation, the use of tranexamic acid is contra-indicated in patient with severe renal impairment. For patient with mild to moderate renal impairment, the dosage of tranexamic acid should be reduced according to the serum creatinine level:
\nSerum creatinine
\nDose IV
\nAdministration
\nμmol\/l
\nMg\/10 ml<\/p>\n

120 to 249
\n1.35 to 2.82
\n10 mg\/kg BW
\nEvery 12 hours
\n250 to 500
\n2.82 to 5.65
\n10 mg\/kg BW
\nEvery 24 hours
\n> 500
\n> 5.65
\n5 mg\/kg BW
\nEvery 24 hours
\nHepatic impairment
\nNo dose adjustment is required in patient with hepatic impairment.
\nPaediatric Population:
\nIn children from 1 year, for current approved indications as described, the dosage is in the region of 20 mg\/kg\/day. However, data on efficacy, posology and safety for these indications are limited.
\nThe efficacy, posology and safety of tranexamic acid in children undergoing cardiac surgery have not been fully established. Currently available data are limited and are described.
\nElderly:
\nNo reduction in dosage is necessary unless there is evidence of renal failure.
\nMethod of administration
\nThe administration is strictly limited to slow intravenous injection.<\/p>\n

PREGNANCY AND LACTATION<\/strong>
\nWomen of childbearing potential have to use effective contraception during treatment.
\nPregnancy
\nThere are insufficient clinical data on the use of tranexamic acid in pregnant women. As a result, although studies in animals do not indicate teratogenic effects, as a precaution for use, tranexamic acid is not recommended during the first trimester of pregnancy. Limited clinical data on the use of tranexamic acid in different clinical haemorrhagic settings during the second and third trimesters did not identify deleterious effect for the foetus. Tranexamic acid should be used throughout pregnancy only if the expected benefit justifies the potential risk.
\nBreastfeeding
\nTranexamic acid is excreted in human milk. Therefore, breastfeeding is not recommended.
\nFertility
\nThere are no clinical data on the effects of tranexamic acid on human fertility.<\/p>\n

\n

STORAGE CONDITION<\/strong>
\nStore in a cool place.<\/p>\n

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN<\/strong><\/p>\n

PRESENTATION<\/strong>
\n5ml ampoules packed in outer cardboard carton along with pack insert.
\nPack of 10 ampoules.<\/p>\n

\nTranexamic Acid BP 50mg<\/a>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Zed-50mg\/100mg Injection Tranexamic Acid BP 50mg\/ml Tranexamic Acid BP 100mg\/ml COMPOSITION Each ml contains: Tranexamic acid BP 50mg\/100mg Water For Injection BP q.s. CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Pharmacodynamic properties Pharmacotherapeutic group: Antihemorrhagics, Antifibrinolytics, Aminoacids ATC Code: B02AA02 Tranexamic acid exerts an anti haemorrhagic activity by inhibiting the fibrinolytic properties of plasmin. A complex involving tranexamic acid,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6270,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[109,1],"tags":[130,129,128],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/induspharma.in\/productslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5728"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/induspharma.in\/productslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/induspharma.in\/productslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/induspharma.in\/productslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/induspharma.in\/productslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5728"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/induspharma.in\/productslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5728\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6272,"href":"https:\/\/induspharma.in\/productslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5728\/revisions\/6272"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/induspharma.in\/productslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6270"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/induspharma.in\/productslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5728"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/induspharma.in\/productslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5728"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/induspharma.in\/productslist\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5728"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}